Company Formation & Registration in the UK
Forming a UK limited company is one of the most common routes for starting a business. Company formation is the process of legally incorporating the business as a separate entity at Companies House — distinct from the founder(s) personally.
Online vs Paper Registration
The vast majority of UK company registrations are done online, either directly via the Companies House website or through a third-party formation agent, rather than by posting a paper application. Online registration is faster, cheaper, and has built-in validation that catches many errors before submission — paper applications take considerably longer (typically 8-10 days) and cost more.
Before You Start: Choosing a Name
The first practical step is choosing a company name. It must be distinct from existing registered companies and not offensive or misleading. Once you've confirmed the name meets Companies House rules, you can proceed with registration — either directly with Companies House (£50) or through a formation agent, who typically bundles the registration with extras like a registered office address or printed documents for an additional fee.
What You Need to Register
- Company name — checked against the Companies House register for uniqueness
- Registered office address — must be in England, Scotland, or Wales (Northern Ireland companies register separately; addresses outside the UK are not accepted)
- At least one director — must be aged 16 or over. A company secretary is optional since April 2008, but if appointed, the company needs at least two officers, since one person cannot hold both roles as sole director
- At least one share — allocated to a shareholder on incorporation; the shareholder can also be a director, or a separate person or corporate entity
What Companies House Checks
Once submitted, Companies House runs the application through automated validation, with some applications checked manually. Checks typically include:
- The registered office address is within a permitted UK country
- All named directors are 16 or over
- At least one share has been allocated
- Addresses validate against the Royal Mail postcode system
After You Register
Once approved — usually within around 24 hours for a same-day online submission — you receive an official company number and a Certificate of Incorporation. From here you'll need to open a business bank account, register for Corporation Tax with HMRC within 3 months of starting to trade, and set up your accounting records.